![proteus for parkinsons proteus for parkinsons](https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-018-19646-x/MediaObjects/41598_2018_19646_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
Despite their many successes, these therapies have limitations. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can reduce tremor, rigidity, stiffness, and improve movement. For example, dopamine replacement therapy with Sinemet, a mainstay therapy in the treatment of PD, has helped alleviate motor symptoms particularly in the early stages of disease. For decades, NINDS-funded researchers working nationwide have developed treatment options that have greatly improved motor symptoms for people with PD. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ( NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health ( NIH), has a long history of supporting PD research. The number of people diagnosed with PD in the United States is expected to double by 2040. population ages, these figures are expected to rise rapidly. Indirect costs, such as those associated with the loss of productivity, are conservatively estimated to total $6.3 billion each year. In the United States alone, the cost of treating PD is estimated to be $14 billion annually. Of course, given the progressive nature of the disabilities associated with PD, the disease affects thousands more wives, husbands, children, and other caregivers. Some experts estimate that as many as 1 million Americans have PD. Approximately 500,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD, but given that many individuals go undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed the actual number is likely much higher. Most people diagnosed with PD are age 60 years or older, however, an estimated 5 to 10 percent of people with PD are diagnosed before the age of 50. Sidebar: Advances in Circuitry Research Introductionįollowing Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder in the United States.
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Sidebar: NINDS Steps Up Pursuit of PD Biomarkers Udall Centers of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research